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Shloka

मोक्षस्य हेतुः प्रथमो निगद्यते
वैराग्यमत्यन्तमनित्यवस्तुषु ।
ततः शमश्चापि दमस्तितिक्षा
न्यासः प्रसक्ताखिलकर्मणां भृशम् ॥ ७१ ॥

mokṣasya hetuḥ prathamo nigadyate
vairāgyamatyantamanityavastuṣu ;
tataḥ śamaścāpi damastitikṣā
nyāsaḥ prasaktākhilakarmaṇāṃ bhṛśam . 71 .

Anvaya

मोक्षस्यmokṣasya
For liberation
प्रथमः हेतुःprathamaḥ hetuḥ
the foremost means
निगद्यतेnigadyate
is told
अत्यन्तम् वैराग्यम्atyantam vairāgyam
deep dispassion
अनित्य–वस्तुषुanitya–vastuṣu
in the ephemeral things
ततःtataḥ
thereafter
शमः चśamaḥ ca
restraint of mind
अपिapi
also
दमःdamaḥ
restraint of sense organs
तितिक्षाtitikṣā
enduring dualities
न्यासःnyāsaḥ
renunciation
प्रसक्त–अखिल–कर्मणांprasakta–akhila–karmaṇāṃ
of all activities enjoined on a person
भृशम्bhṛśam
totally

Translation

The first requisite for liberation is dispassion towards the extremely ephemeral objects. There after restraint of mind, restraint of sense organs, enduring the dualities and total renunciation of all the enjoined duties (karma–s).

Annotation

Reflection on the ephemeral nature of objects leads to dispassion. Though restraint of mind (śama), restraint of sense organs (dama) and enduring the physical extremities such as heat and cold (titikṣā) are initially the means to liberation, they will continue in a person even after realisation. Hence they are called internalised means (antaraṅga–sādhanāni).

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